03-谓语/虚拟语气/倒装
谓语是句子的重要部分，由动词构成
简单的谓语构成
实义动词(词组)单独构成
I like English.
He practices running every morning.
词组
- I find out the truth.
- I look at the bird.(vi+介)
系动词单独构成+表语
- He is a student.(表状态)
- We are students.
- Your idea sounds great.(听起来,感官)
小技巧: 将系动词换为be动词差别不大说明是系动词
- Your idea sounds(is) great.(区别不大,是系动词)
- I have(am) a dream.(区别很大,不是系动词)
助动词+实义动词/系动词
助动词+实义
- You can help me.
- You may keep the book for two weeks.
- He has caught a bad cold.
- My sister is crying over there.
- I have been waiting for you all the time.(两个助动词)
- I would stay at home all day.
助动词+系动词
- [Be]He is being a student.(be+doing表进行,be+done表被动)
- [情]He can be a student.(情态动词+动词原形)
- [狭义]He does be a student.(一般不这么说)
- [完成]He has been a student for five years.(完成助动词+动词过去分词形式)
复合谓语公式
情态动词+完成助动词+be动词+实义动词+介词
would+have+been+looking+for..
虚拟语气基础
虚拟代表它不是真的.
先看看真实的情况:
- I am a student [now].
- I was a student [before].
- I will be a student [in the futrue].
可以看到,这些谓语都很精确的代表了现在,过去,将来.
不用在后面添加[]的内容.
而虚拟语气就是将时态前移,使谓语不精确
| 时态 | 前移时态 | |
|---|---|---|
| do, does(一般现在) | did(一般过去) | |
| did(一般过去) | had done(过去完成) | |
| will do(一般将来) | would do(过去将来) | would have done(将来完成) |
| have/has done(现在完成) | had done(过去完成) |
虚拟语气常常有if.
如:If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
将它变成真实的情况: He came yesterday, I would make such a mistake.
倒装基础
陈述是S+V,而倒装则是V+S.但倒装又分为完全倒装和部分倒装.
倒装是有条件的,不是想倒就倒的.
完全倒装
方位 介词 提前
陈述: The boy sits under the tree.
倒装: Under the tree sits the boy.
方位 副词 提前
陈述: The bus comes(vi) here(adv).
倒装: Here comes the bus.
注意: 如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒
He comes here.–>Here he comes.
部分倒装
否定 介词 提前
陈述: I will(助) by no means forget(实义) her.
倒装: By no means will I forget her.
否定 副词 提前
陈述: I will never(adv) forget her.
倒装: Never will I forget her.
句子如果是主系表结构, 将系动词提前既是完全倒装也是不完全倒装