08-特殊句子
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感叹句
感叹句一般由whatandhow开头
分析what和how在句中的词性
What do you want?
what作名词
What color do you want?
what作形容词
How do you come here?
how作副词修饰动词
通用公式
What(adj)+名词短语+[主+谓]
What a good boy he is!
What good boys they are!
What good news it is!
What good weather!
How(adv)+V/adv/adj+[主+谓]
How good the boy is!
How fast he runs!
what修饰人和物, how修饰一种属性
祈使句
特点:
- 省略S
- [You] shut up!
- [we] let’s go!
- Do开头
- Please sit down!
- be quiet!
- 表达命令/要求/建议
- help!
- be careful!
- 天然表将来
- open the door!
疑问句
一般疑问句
公式: 助动词 > 系动词(be) > 抽象出的狭义助动词(除be+实义动词) + 主语 + 其他?
实义动词
He plays football every day.–>Does he play..
You play football every day.–>Do you play…
He played football yesterday.–>Did he play..
does, did 后接动词原型
系动词
He is student–>Is he a student?
You are a student–>Are you a student?
They are students–>Are they..
It sounds interesting–>Does it sound interesting?
They bacame friends–>Did they bacome friends?
He seems right–>Does he seem right?
助动词+实义
He is fired–>Is he fired?
He can speak English–>Can he speak English?
He did play football yesterday–>Did he do play …(表示强调)
He has become a college student–> Has he become..
助动词+系动词
He is being a man–>Is he being a man?
He is a man.
He is being a man. being有暂时性,变得,这次的意思
We are becomging friends–>Are we becomeing friends?
Leo can be the one–>Can leo be the one?
一般疑问特殊情况
There be.. –> be there..
some | any
I have something to say –> Do you have anything to say?
Would you like something to drink?(表示真诚的)
不确定回答 | 肯定回答
Is he a man?
Isn’t he a man?
回答: yes, he is/ no, he isn’t
反义疑问句
反义疑问句表示提问人的看法, 没有把握, 需要对方赞同. 回答yes or no.
规则: 前肯后否, 前否后肯
构成形式抽象:
- 完整句子, 助/系 主语(人称代词) [实义动词抽象成狭义助动词]
there be句子主语用there.- 当主语是一个句子时, 用
it代 - 祈使句使用
will you?/shall we?
例1:
- He can speack English, can’t he?
- He is a good student, isn’t he?
- Lily speaks good English, Doesn’t she?
- Tom can hardly(否定) speak English, can he?
例2:
- There is car in the park, isn’t there?
- What he said(S) is right, isn’t it?
例3:
- [You] shut up, will you?/won’t you?
- [We] let’s go, shall we?/shan’t we?
祈使句天然表将来
选择疑问句
回答从问题里面二选一.
特殊疑问句
具体提问, 具体回答
代词词性
名词: what,which,who,whom
形容词: what,which,whose
副词: when,where,why,how
What
- what做宾语: you want a cat. –> What do you want?
疑问句相当于部分倒装, 谓语要提前 , want要用do代表
- what做表语: Your problem is your face. –> what is your problem?
- what做定语: You want size 5. –> What size do you want?
- what做主语: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy? –> What makes Jack a dull boy?
Which
what与which的主要区别就是, 前者没有确定范围, 后者在确定范围里具体选择
- which做宾语: You want the red one. –> Which do you want?
- 做表语: My choice is the red one. –> Which is your choice?
- 做定语: You are in class 5. –> Which class are you in?
- 做主语: The red one is better. –> Which is better?
Who
- 主语: Jay is my favorite singer. –>Who is your favorite singer?
- 主语: Jay makes the best music. –> Who makes the best music?
whom(谁)
whom只能做宾语.
who与whom的区别就是who做主语, whom做宾语. 在日常口语中不常见, 只在书面中存在
- I choose Jay. –> whom do your choose?
whose(谁的,adj)
- I will join Jay’s team. –> Whose team will your join ?
有助动词提前助动词
- Jay’s music is the best. –> whose music is the best?
When(几时),Where(何处),Why(为何),How(怎样) [adv]
- I came here at 8:30. –> when did you came here?
- I came here by bus. –> How did you came here?
- I came here to meet her. –> Why did you came here?
- I will meet her at the gate. –> Where will you meet her?
- I exercise three times a week(一周三次). –> How often do you exercse?
- I waited for him for 3 hours. –> How long(多长时间) did you wait for him?
- He will come back in an hour. –> How soon(还要多久) will he come back?
- My house is three miles form the supermarket. –> How far(距离多远) is your house form the supermarket?
总结
- 疑问词不作主语–特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序
- 作主语–不变序
- 有助动词提前助动词, 有be动词提前be动词, 其他情况抽象成狭义助动词
强调句
公式: it is/was + 强调部分 + that/who(人)/whom(人,宾语) + 其他
例子:
- 原句: She told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调she: It is/was she that/who told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调me: It is/was me that/who/whom she told a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调a joke: It is a joke that she told me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调in the classroom: It is in the classroom that she told me a joke yesterday afternoon.
- 强调told: She did tell me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 改装原句: She told a joke to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调a joke: It is a joke that she told to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
- 强调me: It is to me that/who/whom she told a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.