09-高级语法及技巧

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被动即完整

将句子改为被动, 主语就变成了方式状语, 可要可不要.

eg:

• We cleaned the room.
• The room was cleaned [by us].

间宾被动除外(缺少直宾不完整).

省略

省略掉重复的但不会产生歧义

eg:

• Do you known Linux?
• I don’t know [Linux].

know是及物动词, 但平常都是省略宾语的用法.

eg:

• I don’ t know what I should do.(what做宾语成分)
• 省略: I don’t know what to do.
• I don’t know how I should do it.(how是副词词性)
• 省略: I don’t know how to do it.

解析: 省略主语后, 不能使用谓语形式, 需要转为非谓语, 而should do和to do都表不确定, 所以使用to do替换should do.

判断连词!=1的情况

1. 从句与从句形成并列关系(多了一个并列连词)
2. 找错谓语(过去分词是非谓语, 表被动)
3. 找错连接词(that man is good)
4. 省略(下面重点讲)

省略连词

据morty老师分析, 当句子成分非常明显则可以省略连词

1. 宾从第一个that

   I think [that] you are good and that you are beautiful.

2. 定从的关系代词(连接词)做宾语

   The book [that] I bought yesterday is good.

3. 定从的先行词是the way+从句完整时, 引导词可以用that/in which/省略

   I like the way [that/in which]/ ] you like lie.

反向找省略连接词

因为连词位于从句句首, 连词要么充当主语, 要么不充当, 通过从句的动词可以分析省略的连词

简单来说从句分为两类

1. 引导词+V+其他

2. 引导词+S+V+其他

eg:

• I think(v) [that] he is(v) right.

• This is(v) the park [that/which] we visited(v) last week.

句首的引导词不可省略

3大难点

1. 主从: [引导词]+S(句子)+V

   eg: I think what you did id of help.

   分析:

   • of help==helpful,be of use==be useful
   • 3个v, think, did(后接原型), is, 说明有2个连接词
   • 但是只有what. is的主语是what you did
   • 所以I think后面省略了一个连接词that

2. 主谓相隔: [引导词]+S+后置定语+V

   eg: I think the boy wearing a green hat is pig.

   分析:

   • wearing a green hat是后置定语
   • think后面是宾语从句, 后面缺少一个连接词that

3. 主语前有状语: [引导词]+状语+S+V

   eg: I think(v) form the beginning you are(v) a good.

   分析:

   • form the beginning是状语, 修饰动词或者整个句子
   • 它在从句主语you前面, 所以think后省略了一个连接词that