07-句子

前面的学习是为了构成句子, 学完句子才能写文章. 加油!

简单句

简单句不一定简单哦

简单句抽象SV:

S+V;

S, S and S +V;

S + V, V and V;

S, S and S + V, V and V.

不管多少个S, V, 如果使用and连接, 都只能算一个大S, V(区别并列句)

五大基本类型

1. S+V

   S+Vi: Birds fly.

2. S+V+O

   S+vi+prep+O: I look at the man.

   S+Vt1+O: I love you.

3. S+V+O+OC

   S+Vt1+O+OC: I think you beautiful.

4. S+V+IO+DO

   S+Vt2+IO+DO: she told me a joke.

   S+Vt2+DO+IO: she told a joke to me.

5. S+C+P

   He is a student.

   I am a man.

助动词不管有多少, 都看成一个大V

并列句

SV>=2, 由并列连词连接

I love you and you love me.

抽象: S+V+连词+S+V…(连词个数=SV个数-1)

这些连词主要有: and, but, or, so, ;..

连词两边都必须有SV, 才能算是并列句(区别简单句)

例子

• You help him and he help you.
• The futrue is bright; the road is tortuous.

表示同等关系(并列, 平行)

常用and, not only…but also.., neither..nor…等连接

• He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.

表示选择关系

常用or(否则), otherwise等

• Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

表示转折关系

常用but, yet, while, when等.

表示因果关系

so等

• August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

复合句(从句)

从句1.0

有多个SV, 由从属连词连接, 但连接顺序并不像并列句, 可以有以下顺序

• S+V+连词+S+V
• 连词+S+V+S+V
• S+连词+S+V+V等等

从属连词有that, which, what, when, where, why, how, whether, if, because, as, since, although, whatever….

使用句子作为某句子的一些成份，这个句子叫从句

• It is right.

• What(O) he(S) said(V) is right

分析: what is said相当于it, 是名词性从句，可以充当主从，宾从，表从，同位从等

• The boy under the tree is Tom.
• The boy who(S) is reading(V) a book(O) is Tom.

分析: 将定语换成了句子, 定语从句, 词性是形容词性的, 也叫形容性从句, who既是从属连词, 也是主语

• I was doing my homework at six.
• I was doing my homework when he called me.

分析: at six是时间状语, when是连词, 所以叫状语从句, 又因为状语是副词性的, 所以也叫副词从句.

通过上面分析

从词性角度来说, 分为名词性, 形容词性, 副词性

从句子成分来说, 分为主宾表同定状从等等

判断从句2.0

一个句子有多个动词时, 看连接词是否是从属连词

eg:

• I help you and you help me. –>并列句
• I help you because you helped me.–>从句

详细解释从属连词

1. 位置: 连接词位于从句句首
2. 个数: V-1
3. 作用
   • 引导从句
   • 在从句中做成分
4. 省略(后面解释)

2.0总结技巧

• 引导词是从句开端
• 根据句意判断结尾(看运气)
• 两个V不属于同一个句子

通过以上知识划分主从句

例子:

• (What you said) 主从 / is right.
• I don’t know / (what you talk about(V))宾从
• It is / (what it is)表从.
• The boy / (who is wearing a hat)定从 / is my brother.
• I was doing my homework / (when she came back)状从.
• We all know the fact / (that you are pig)同为从.

判断从句3.0

通过一个公式判断所有从句

                                   /` 定: 修n
                          /`主句完整-  状: 修V
                         /         \- 同: 完整,抽象,等同
V>=2 && 从属连词 ==> 复合句
                         \          /` 主: 引导词开头无',' or it形式主语
                          \-主句不完整- 宾: vt1后,介词后,vt2+IO后,it形式宾语
                                    \  表: 系动词+引导词后

同位语从句

1. 完整: 主句完整
2. 抽象: 主句中有抽象名词(promise, fact, news…)
3. 等同: 从句==抽象名词(如前面的fact==that you are pig)

如何判断抽象名词?

答: 比如promise(承诺), fact(事实).

举个例子, 我答应你是一个承诺, 我爱你也是一个承诺.

举个反例, 我买了一个桌子是桌子吗?

这就是抽象和具体的解释.

同位从VS定从

相同点	不同点
主句完整	同为从必须是抽象名词, 定从可以是抽象/具体
都可使用that引导	同位从从句与抽象名词等同, 定从不等同
	同位从that不作成分, 定从作成分

e.g:

• Do you remember the promise that you will love me forever?

  同位语从句, that引导, 等同抽象, 且that不作成分

• Do you remember the promise that you made last year?

  定语从句, promise!=that you made last year. that在从句中代表promise

作业

where引导的从句练习

• You can find it where you left it.

分析: 主句完整, 定状同, 根据句意在丢下它的地方去找它==>状从.

• Tell me the address where he lives.

分析: 省略主语You, me是IO, the address是DO, 句意他居住的地方==>定从

• I don’t know where he comes from.

分析: know is vt(与生活的I don’t know不同), 缺少宾语==>宾从

• Where he was born is not known yet.

分析: is not known是谓语, 前面缺主语==>主从

• This place is where they once lived.

分析: 但一个is是动词, 缺少宾语/表语, 句意曾居住的地方==>表从

• I have no idea where the party is to be held.

分析: 主句完整, 看名词idea, 是抽象名词, idea==the party is to be held==>同位从