05-副词与状语
老师将主语(笼统)比作太阳系模型[同一角度下不断具体], 谓语比作摩天轮模型[不同角度进行描述], 有点意思.
状语adv
修饰动词v, 形容词n, 副词adv, 或整个句子.
摩天轮模型说的就是修饰动词.
例子
- He writes(V) carefully(adv).
- He runs(V) very(adv) slowly(adv).[slowly修饰runs, very修饰slowly]
- Unfortunately(adv), he lost all of his money.
特例: Unluckily, I got up very late today.
Unluckily修饰整个句子, late修饰谓语, very修饰late, today修饰整句话或者动词
today也有adv
频度副词
always总是, usually经常, often通常, sometimes有时, seldom很少, hardly(ever)几乎不 , never绝不 等.(主观上)
在句子中位于助动词, 系动词之后, 实义动词之前.
表达次数的方式
- 次数+时间: once a week
- 频度: often..
例子
- You can never tell what he will do.
- He is often late.
- He is always helping others.
- He often came late.
分类
状语修饰动词, 于是将状语分类, 有时间, 地点, 原因, 目的, 结果, 程度, 条件(if then), 方式, 让步, 比较, 伴随(方式的同时又做别的事)等等
这就叫摩天轮模型, 有许多的状语类来修饰同一动词
练习: 下面划线部分是什么类型的状语.
How about meeting again at six?
很明显, 这是时间状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor?
地点状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
原因状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
great修饰care(程度), 但这整个状语实际上是方式状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
她走进来的同时拿着一本字典, 伴随状语
方式与伴随状语
方式类似How, 怎么做的
伴随类似ing, 强调同时发生
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.
目的
The boy really needs a pen.
程度
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
so..that..如此..以至于..原因状语
She works very hard though she is old.
即便她老了工作也很努力. 这里的主观里老是最”糟糕”的情况, 给中青年让步了.
所以是让步状语
让步就是想说某种情况, 却说了与这个情况的对立面来反衬该情况(落差).
比如:
我爱你
就算世界毁灭我也爱你.
世界毁灭我都爱你, 更何况其他情况呢, 这就是对其他情况的让步
我不知道这解释你懂了没, 反正我是没懂..我都不知道我在说啥, 草
I am taller than he is.
比较
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
条件
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.
因为作业驱动男孩需要一支笔, 所以这是原因状语.
更深层次的理解状语类型
老师为了帮助理解状语, 加入了一个时间维度的模型—-行为
原因, 条件状语在行为之前发生
- 原因驱动行为
- 先有条件, 才有行为
目的, 结果状语在行为之后发生
- 这个行为 为了什么目的
- 行为的结果
其他类型的状语都发生在行为中